PES-51 Shoreline Treatment for Exxon Valdez Residual Oil in Prince William Sound

Case History
PES-51 Oil Release Agent
Shoreline oil releaseflushingcontainmentand recovery

Document Overview

This case history summarizes a documented PES-51 shoreline treatment demonstration associated with residual Exxon Valdez oil in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The 1995 workshop report was prepared for the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project by the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation in cooperation with residents of Chenega Bay. The report describes remaining surface and subsurface oil near Chenega Bay, the evaluation of additional shoreline treatment options, and a PES shoreline treatment process using PES-51, airknife injection, ambient seawater flushing, boom containment, skimming, and sorbent recovery.

Reported Remediation Results

MetricBefore / InitialAfter / FinalReported ChangeNotes
Treatment areaResidual surface and subsurface Exxon Valdez oil remained in shoreline sediments near Chenega Bay.120 ft × 135 ft Sleepy Bay demonstration areaDocumented field demonstration areaThe workshop report states that the 1993 demonstration used the PES technique on a 120 ft × 135 ft area at Sleepy Bay near Chenega Bay.
PES-51 usedPES shoreline treatment process applied to residual shoreline oil.165 gallons of PES-51 usedReported treatment inputThe report states that test results indicated 165 gallons of PES-51 were used during the Sleepy Bay demonstration.
Oily liquids recoveredOil-water mixture emerged during PES-51 injection and flushing.120 gallons of oily liquids recoveredRecovered using skimmer and absorbent materialsThe report states that 120 gallons of oily liquids were recovered using the skimmer and a variety of absorbent materials.
Subsurface petroleum hydrocarbon reductionResidual subsurface oil in shoreline sedimentImmediate 70% decrease; greater than 90% decrease one year laterReported semivolatile-range total petroleum hydrocarbon reductionAppendix E reports an immediate 70% decrease in semivolatile-range total petroleum hydrocarbons in subsurface sediment and a decrease exceeding 90% in samples obtained one year later.
Water-column observationTreatment involved shoreline flushing and recovery.No oil present in water tests; no detectable petroleum hydrocarbons introduced into the water columnReported water-column protection resultThe report states tests indicated no oil was present in the water; Appendix E states improvements were achieved without introducing detectable petroleum hydrocarbons into the water column along the shoreline below the treatment area.
Treatment-method fitResidual oil remained after prior cleanup methods from 1989 to 1992.PES-51 with airknife injection, flushing, containment, skimming, and sorbent recoverySite-specific treatment approachThe report says the Sleepy Bay site had previously been subjected to multiple cleanup methods, and that PES-51 and the airknife technique were useful but not a universal solution.

Project and Application Details

Case History Format
Single Case
Location / Context
Sleepy Bay, LaTouche Island, near Chenega Bay, Prince William Sound, Alaska
Project Type
Residual shoreline oil treatment demonstration and restoration planning reference
Media or Surface
Cobble and gravel shoreline, boulder armor, surface oil residue, subsurface sediment, and shoreline water recovery zone
Contaminant Type
Residual Exxon Valdez crude oil, including surface oil residue, subsurface oil, sheen, mousse, and asphaltic pavement
Treatment Scale
1993 demonstration: 120 ft × 135 ft treatment area at Sleepy Bay. 1995 cost-estimate review: seven Chenega-area candidate beach segments.
Treatment Period
1993 field demonstration; 1995 workshop and cost-estimate review; February 1996 final report

PES Application Summary

The PES shoreline treatment process used an airknife injection system to penetrate and dilate subsurface shoreline sediment and apply PES-51 to displace oil from surface and subsurface materials. The report describes PES-51 as reducing the interfacial tension between petroleum hydrocarbons and surfaces, releasing oil onto water used to flush it away. Released oil was flushed toward a double-boomed shoreline recovery area using ambient-temperature seawater, then collected with skimmers, storage tanks, and sorbent materials. The report states that the displaced oil was not chemically altered or emulsified, but floated on the water surface where it could be collected and recovered.

Reported Outcome

The report states that the 1993 Sleepy Bay demonstration used 165 gallons of PES-51 and recovered 120 gallons of oily liquids using a skimmer and absorbent materials. It also states that tests indicated no oil was present in the water and that treatment goals were met. The PES cost-estimate appendix describes a visible decrease in subsurface oil residue, approximately 100 gallons of oily liquid recovered, an immediate 70% decrease in semivolatile-range total petroleum hydrocarbons in subsurface sediment, and a decrease exceeding 90% in sediment samples obtained one year later.

Key Takeaways

PES-51 was referenced in an Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project workshop report addressing residual shoreline oil near Chenega Bay.
The report describes PES-51 as the shoreline cleaning agent that appeared to meet NOAA criteria, appeared effective on both surface and subsurface oil, and could be removed from the water during treatment.
The Sleepy Bay demonstration combined PES-51 application with airknife injection, ambient seawater flushing, double-boom containment, skimmer recovery, and sorbent recovery.
The treatment approach emphasized release, flotation, containment, and recovery of oil rather than chemical emulsification or dispersion.
The report cautions that PES-51 was not a universal solution and that each beach should be evaluated separately to determine the appropriate treatment method.

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